Why We do Dumb or Irrational Things

[Michael Stuart Kelly]

Why We do Dumb or Irrational Things: 10 Brilliant Social Psychology Studies

Poll at PsyBlog

The following list was drawn up for a poll, but a blurb for each article was given along with a link to. I find this list fascinating. I have not had time to read all 10, but I am putting this here so I will not forget.

There is an important part of human nature involved in these studies and if Objectivism is ever going to be widely accepted, it will have to come to terms with this part. Although individual volition is critical, it is not enough to be able to understand the results of these studies.

1. The Halo Effect: When Your Own Mind is a Mystery

The 'halo effect' is a classic finding in social psychology. It is the idea that global evaluations about a person (e.g. she is likeable) bleed over into judgements about their specific traits (e.g. she is intelligent). Hollywood stars demonstrate the halo effect perfectly. Because they are often attractive and likeable we naturally assume they are also intelligent, friendly, display good judgement and so on.

2. How and Why We Lie to Ourselves: Cognitive Dissonance

The ground-breaking social psychological experiment of Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) provides a central insight into the stories we tell ourselves about why we think and behave the way we do. The experiment is filled with ingenious deception so the best way to understand it is to imagine you are taking part. So sit back, relax and travel back. The time is 1959 and you are an undergraduate student at Stanford University...

3. War, Peace and the Role of Power in Sherif's Robbers Cave Experiment

The Robbers Cave experiment, a classic study of prejudice and conflict, has at least one hidden story. The well-known story emerged in the decades following the experiment as textbook writers adopted a particular retelling. With repetition people soon accepted this story as reality, forgetting it is just one version of events, one interpretation of a complex series of studies.

4. Our Dark Hearts: The Stanford Prison Experiment

The famous 'Stanford Prison Experiment' argues a strong case for the power of the situation in determining human behaviour. Not only that but this experiment has also inspired a novel, two films, countless TV programs, re-enactments and even a band.

5. Just Following Orders? Stanley Milgram's Obedience Experiment

What psychological experiment could be so powerful that simply taking part might change your view of yourself and human nature? What experimental procedure could provoke some people to profuse sweating and trembling, leaving 10% extremely upset, while others broke into unexplained hysterical laughter?

6. Why We All Stink as Intuitive Psychologists: The False Consensus Bias

Many people quite naturally believe they are good 'intuitive psychologists', thinking it is relatively easy to predict other people's attitudes and behaviours. We each have information built up from countless previous experiences involving both ourselves and others so surely we should have solid insights? No such luck.

7. Why Groups and Prejudices Form So Easily: Social Identity Theory

People's behaviour in groups is fascinating and frequently disturbing. As soon as humans are bunched together in groups we start to do odd things: copy other members of our group, favour members of own group over others, look for a leader to worship and fight other groups.

8. How to Avoid a Bad Bargain: Don't Threaten

Bargaining is one of those activities we often engage in without quite realising it. It doesn't just happen in the boardroom, or when we ask our boss for a raise or down at the market, it happens every time we want to reach an agreement with someone. This agreement could be as simple as choosing a restaurant with a friend, or deciding which TV channel to watch. At the other end of the scale, bargaining can affect the fate of nations.

9. Why We Don't Help Others: Bystander Apathy

In social psychology the 'bystander effect' is the surprising finding that the mere presence of other people inhibits our own helping behaviours in an emergency. John Darley and Bibb Latane were inspired to investigate emergency helping behaviours after the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964.

10. I Can't Believe My Eyes: Conforming to the Norm

We all know that humans are natural born conformers - we copy each other's dress sense, ways of talking and attitudes, often without a second thought. But exactly how far does this conformity go? Do you think it is possible you would deny unambiguous information from your own senses just to conform with other people?

I look forward to digging into this in depth.

Michael

[BaalChatzaf]

Revision to Aristotle's definition of Man: - Man is the occasionally rational animal.

These experiments prove that we still live in The Monkey House. We are just more talkative than the other monkeys and apes.

Thank you for the excellent references. I am particularly interested in the Milgram Experiment. I unwittingly signed up for a Milgram experiment (I am a sucker for signing up for study programs) and I am extremely pleased to tell you that I failed. Whenever I have the urge to follow orders I immediately override the urge on general principles. Before I follow orders or a suggestion I ask the following questions:

1. Will following orders add a dollar to my bank account?

2. Will following orders increase my height?

3. Will following orders make me lose a pound or an inch around the waist?

4. Will following orders add a day to my lifespan?

5. If I follow orders, will I get lucky tonight?

If I don't get three out of five affirmatives I don't follow orders.

In a totalitarian regime I would not last a month. I would quickly end up in Rom 101.

Ba'al Chatzaf